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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
12:08

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Genome sequencing and assembly.

Manfred G Grabherr1, Evan Mauceli, Li-Jun Ma

  • 1University of Massachusetts, Amkebt, MA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome sequencing is crucial for molecular and genetic research. This review covers DNA sequencing history, platform technologies, and genome assembly methods for high-throughput applications.

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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)

Published on: October 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
12:08

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

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High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)
09:06

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)

Published on: October 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genome sequencing is a foundational technology in modern biological sciences.
  • Advancements in sequencing platforms have revolutionized the scale and scope of genomic studies.
  • Understanding sequencing principles is essential for interpreting genetic and molecular data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of DNA sequencing technologies.
  • To compare the technical principles, strengths, and weaknesses of various high-throughput sequencing platforms.
  • To introduce genome assembly and validation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical developments in DNA sequencing.
  • Comparative analysis of different high-throughput sequencing platforms.
  • Description of genome assembly algorithms and validation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed comparison of sequencing platforms, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations for diverse genomic applications.
  • Overview of the evolution of sequencing technologies from early methods to current high-throughput approaches.
  • Summary of key considerations for successful genome assembly and data validation.

Conclusions:

  • High-throughput genome sequencing is indispensable for advancing molecular, genetic, and genomic research.
  • The choice of sequencing platform significantly impacts the efficiency and outcomes of genomic studies.
  • Effective genome assembly and validation are critical for reliable biological interpretation.