Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biocatalytic cascades enable manufacture of the macrocyclic peptide enlicitide.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

JNJ-79032421, a Novel Membrane-restricted Mesothelin-targeting T-cell-engaging Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Mesothelin-positive Cancers.

Molecular cancer therapeutics·2026
Same author

Predicting the ritonavir crisis by revisiting the polymorph landscape with crystal structure prediction and form 4 structure solution.

Communications chemistry·2025
Same author

A Conceptual Framework for the Crystallizability of Organic Compounds.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Polytypes and planar defects revealed in the purine base xanthine using multi-dimensional electron diffraction.

Communications chemistry·2025
Same author

Revealing the Crystal Structure of the Purine Base Xanthine with Three-Dimensional (3D) Electron Diffraction.

Crystal growth & design·2025
Same journal

Green, renewable, or low-carbon? A framework for informed solvent selection in pharmaceutical sciences.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same journal

Theranostic potential of ramucirumab functionalized magnetoliposomes for targeted delivery of sorafenib and MRI.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same journal

Intranasal mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres of ranolazine: Formulation, design, and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same journal

Evolving landscape of drug development for pediatric rare diseases-from successes to strategies for addressing unmet needs.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same journal

A mathematical framework for predicting tablet weight variability from blend particle size distribution and tooling geometry.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same journal

Recrystallization can stop nitrosamine formation in ranitidine hydrochloride.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

One-phase crystal disorder in pharmaceutical solids and its implication for solid-state stability.

Jacalyn S Clawson1, Sonya Kennedy-Gabb, Alfred Y Lee

  • 1Product Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406. jacalyn.s.clawson@gsk.com.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study characterizes solid-state disorders in a pleuromutilin derivative using X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Restrained disorders within crystalline structures do not impact physical and chemical stability.

Keywords:
X-ray powder diffractometrychemical stabilitydisorderphysical stabilitysolid state NMRstructure-property relations (SPR)

More Related Videos

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often exhibit solid-state disorders.
  • Understanding these disorders is crucial for predicting API stability and performance.
  • Characterizing crystalline and amorphous forms is essential for drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the solid-state disorder of a pleuromutilin derivative.
  • To investigate the impact of different disorder types on physical and chemical stability.
  • To explore the one-phase crystalline-amorphous model in pharmaceutical systems.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed.
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy was utilized.
  • Physical and chemical stability studies were conducted on disordered systems.

Main Results:

  • The pleuromutilin derivative (I) exhibited continuous conformational disorder while maintaining long-range crystalline structure.
  • The propionic acid (PA) version showed partial crystalline order and site disorder of PA.
  • Disordered systems were analyzed, revealing a unique one-phase crystalline-amorphous model.
  • Restrained disorders were found to not influence stability, unlike phase-separated amorphous forms.

Conclusions:

  • The pleuromutilin derivative represents a unique example of a one-phase crystalline-amorphous system.
  • Restrained solid-state disorders do not negatively affect the stability of APIs.
  • Characterization of disorder is key to understanding API behavior and stability.