Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
Published on: August 2, 2012
Supramolecular Star-Shaped Poly(ethylene glycol) Based on a [2 × 2] Grid-Like Metal Complex
Richard Hoogenboom1, Brian C Moore, Ulrich S Schubert
1Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands. r.hoogenboom@tue.nl.
Researchers created star-shaped polymers using self-assembling poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a copper(I) complex. This advances supramolecular polymer materials by combining PEG properties with reversible interactions.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Polymer Chemistry
- Supramolecular Chemistry
Background:
- Supramolecular star-shaped polymers integrate properties of conventional star polymers and reversible supramolecular interactions.
- Previously, [2×2] copper(I) grids of 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-pyridazine (DPP) were established as a core motif for these polymers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To expand the supramolecular star-shaped polymer concept using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG).
- To synthesize and characterize PEG functionalized with DPP for self-assembly.
- To investigate the formation of star-shaped supramolecular polymers via copper(I) complexation.
Main Methods:
- End-functionalization of amine-functionalized PEG with 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-pyridazine (DPP).
- Synthesis and characterization of the resulting PEG-DPP conjugate.
- Copper(I) complexation to induce self-assembly into star-shaped supramolecular polymers.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis and characterization of amine-functionalized PEG end-capped with DPP.
- Demonstration of self-assembly into well-defined star-shaped supramolecular polymer architectures upon addition of copper(I) ions.
- Confirmation of the role of DPP as a coordinating ligand for copper(I) in forming the polymer core.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully extends the use of DPP-based copper(I) grids to create star-shaped supramolecular polymers from poly(ethylene glycol).
- This work provides a versatile platform for developing novel supramolecular materials with tunable properties.
- The findings highlight the potential of combining well-defined polymer architectures with reversible supramolecular chemistry.
Related Concept Videos
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect
Metal-Ligand Bonds
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes
Coordination Number and Geometry
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

