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Related Experiment Video

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive function in older adults with no dementia.

K Kantarci1, M L Senjem, R Avula

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. kantarci.kejal@mayo.edu

Neurology
|May 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Specific brain white matter and cortical diffusivity patterns are linked to distinct cognitive functions in older adults without dementia. The posterior cingulum tract showed the strongest association across all cognitive domains.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging and neuroscience
  • Geriatric medicine and cognitive aging research
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) applications

Background:

  • Cognitive decline in aging is a significant concern, with early detection crucial for intervention.
  • Understanding the relationship between brain microstructure and cognitive function in non-demented older adults is vital for identifying preclinical changes.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a non-invasive method to assess white matter integrity and cortical diffusivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific patterns of cortical and white matter diffusivity associated with different cognitive domains in older adults without dementia.
  • To explore the potential of DTI metrics as biomarkers for early cognitive changes in aging.
  • To test the hypothesis that the posterior cingulate cortex serves as a central hub for cognitive networks.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 220 older adults without dementia.
  • Neuropsychometric testing assessed memory, language, attention/executive function, and visual-spatial processing.
  • 3 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-based sequence for cortical diffusion measurements; voxel-based and tract-based analyses used to correlate mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) with cognitive scores.

Main Results:

  • Memory function correlated with medial temporal lobe cortical mean diffusivity (MD) and posterior/anterior cingulum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus fractional anisotropy (FA).
  • Language function associated with left temporal lobe cortical MD and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fornix, and posterior cingulum FA.
  • Attention/executive function and visual-spatial function were linked to posterior and anterior cingulum FA, with the posterior cingulum FA showing association with all four cognitive domains.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct patterns of cortical and white matter diffusivity are associated with specific cognitive functions in non-demented elderly individuals.
  • The posterior cingulum tract's FA is a significant correlate of multiple cognitive domains, supporting its role as a key connectivity hub.
  • DTI-identified microstructural changes may reflect underlying pathologies contributing to cognitive variations in aging.