Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dissociation of the sources of the risk-seeking bias in sensorimotor decision-making based on the subjective-objective relationship in risk attitudes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026
Same author

Relationship among motives for alcohol and caffeine consumption, personality traits, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in nonproblem alcohol drinkers.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

Presence of a human catcher affects performance in a ball-throwing task.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same author

Developmental trajectories of head and eye cue integration in gaze perception.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Age differences in alcohol and music consumption among Japanese nonproblem drinkers.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Detecting unnaturalness in biological motion with altered playback speeds.

Journal of vision·2025
Same journal

Low prevalence targets are primarily missed due to mind wandering.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

An introduction to the special issue celebrating Mary A. Peterson.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Properties of the threshold stimulus exposure duration (TSED) measure of visual search efficiency.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Auditory selective attention in depth: Investigating directional dependency across front, lateral, and rear spaces.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Dissociations between stereoacuity and visual acuity with binocular night vision goggles.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Reward-based prioritization and perceptual feature effects on attentional flexibility in working memory.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Implicit learning increases preference for predictive visual display.

Hirokazu Ogawa1, Katsumi Watanabe

  • 1Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. hirokazu.ogawa@kwansei.ac.jp

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implicit learning from visual search tasks enhances preferences for predictable visual layouts. This unconscious learning influences aesthetic choices, favoring stimuli that aid in target identification.

More Related Videos

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Implicit learning, the acquisition of knowledge without conscious awareness, plays a role in various cognitive tasks.
  • Visual search involves identifying targets amidst distractors, and its efficiency can be modulated by contextual information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if implicit learning in a visual search task influences preferences for visual stimuli.
  • To investigate the relationship between contextual cueing and aesthetic preferences.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in a contextual cueing task, searching for targets in displays where distractor locations predicted target positions.
  • Following the search task, participants rated the "goodness" of various visual displays, including predictive, non-predictive, and novel ones.

Main Results:

  • Faster target detection was observed for predictive displays compared to non-predictive ones, confirming contextual cueing.
  • Participants showed a preference for predictive displays over non-predictive and novel displays in their ratings.
  • Recognition accuracy did not differ between predictive, non-predictive, and novel displays, indicating implicit learning.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual cueing in visual search occurs implicitly.
  • Implicit learning of predictable visual layouts can foster a preference for those layouts.
  • Unconscious learning mechanisms shape aesthetic preferences for visual environments.