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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Menopause 2000-2010.

Janice Charles1, Ying Pan, Graeme Miller

  • 1Australian GP Statistics & Classification Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales.

Australian Family Physician
|May 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examined menopause management and hormone therapy (HT) prescribing trends over a decade using BEACH data. Findings reveal shifts in how menopause is managed and HT is prescribed.

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Women's Health
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Menopause significantly impacts women's quality of life.
  • Hormone therapy (HT) is a common treatment for menopausal symptoms.
  • Understanding trends in menopause management is crucial for healthcare providers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze changes in menopause management strategies.
  • To evaluate trends in hormone therapy (HT) prescribing over 10 years.
  • To identify patterns in the utilization of menopause treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 10 years of data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) registry.
  • Examined prescribing patterns for menopause management.
  • Analyzed trends in hormone therapy (HT) utilization.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant changes in menopause management approaches.
  • Documented shifts in the rates of hormone therapy (HT) prescribing.
  • Identified specific trends in treatment patterns over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Menopause care and hormone therapy (HT) prescribing have evolved over the past decade.
  • Healthcare practices for managing menopausal symptoms require ongoing evaluation.
  • Further research is needed to understand the implications of these prescribing trends.