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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
07:40

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Postexposure prophylaxis for rabies in resource-limited/poor countries.

Prapimporn Shantavasinkul1, Henry Wilde

  • 1Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society (World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research on Rabies Pathogenesis and Prevention), Bangkok, Thailand.

Advances in Virus Research
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Human rabies is fatal once symptoms appear. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with wound care, immunoglobulin, and vaccine prevents rabies, with new, cost-effective regimens showing promise.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
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Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human rabies is a fatal neurological disease.
  • Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is critical for prevention after exposure.
  • Current PEP involves wound care, rabies immunoglobulin, and vaccine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effectiveness of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).
  • To highlight the benefits of preexposure rabies vaccination.
  • To discuss the development of shortened, economical PEP regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current rabies prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of cost-effectiveness of different PEP regimens.
  • Discussion of the role of canine rabies vaccination.

Main Results:

  • PEP, including wound care, immunoglobulin, and vaccine, is highly effective.
  • Preexposure vaccination simplifies PEP by eliminating the need for immunoglobulin.
  • Intradermal PEP regimens can reduce vaccine costs by 60-70%.

Conclusions:

  • PEP is crucial for preventing human rabies deaths.
  • Developing more convenient and economical PEP regimens benefits patients.
  • Canine rabies vaccination remains essential for disease elimination.