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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve
02:33

Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve

Published on: April 4, 2025

The optic chiasm.

Desmond Kidd1

  • 1Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Royal Free Hospital and Royal Free and University College Hospital Medical School, London, UK. d.kidd@medsch.ucl.ac.uk

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details optic chiasm anatomy, vascular supply, and visual field defects. It comprehensively reviews inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and vascular disorders affecting the chiasm and their visual prognoses.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve
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Published on: April 4, 2025

Single-unit In vivo Recordings from the Optic Chiasm of Rat
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Published on: August 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Neuro-ophthalmology

Background:

  • The optic chiasm is a critical neuroanatomical structure where optic nerve fibers partially decussate.
  • Understanding its anatomy and vascular supply is essential for diagnosing visual pathway disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of diseases affecting the optic chiasm.
  • To detail the clinical presentation, diagnostic signs, and management strategies for chiasmal disorders.
  • To discuss the visual prognosis following treatment for various chiasmal pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical and vascular details of the optic chiasm.
  • Description of neuro-ophthalmic signs, including visual field defects and optic disc appearance.
  • Categorization and discussion of diverse disease processes impacting the optic chiasm.

Main Results:

  • Detailed account of optic chiasm anatomy and vascularization.
  • Identification of characteristic visual field defects associated with chiasmal lesions.
  • Comprehensive listing of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and vascular disorders affecting the chiasm.

Conclusions:

  • Chiasmal disorders present with specific visual symptoms and signs.
  • A wide range of pathologies can affect the optic chiasm, necessitating accurate diagnosis.
  • Timely management and treatment are crucial for optimizing visual outcomes in patients with chiasmal disease.