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Related Concept Videos

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
11:36

An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations

Published on: April 21, 2023

Functional consequences of bidirectional promoters.

Wu Wei1, Vicent Pelechano, Aino I Järvelin

  • 1Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene promoters initiate bidirectional transcription, producing non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. This newly discovered layer of transcriptional control impacts gene activity through various mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
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Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
11:02

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1

Published on: May 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Promoters of protein-coding genes are known to initiate transcription bidirectionally.
  • The functional significance of this bidirectional transcription and resulting non-coding RNA production is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the functional implications of bidirectional promoter activity and non-coding RNA transcription.
  • To understand the regulatory roles of non-coding transcription originating from gene promoters.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on promoter-based non-coding transcription.
  • Analysis of evidence for non-coding RNA influence on gene expression.
  • Investigation of regulatory mechanisms at the chromatin and regional levels.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding transcription from promoters influences protein-coding gene expression.
  • This regulation occurs at multiple levels, including chromatin modification and signal spreading.
  • Bidirectional promoter activity is controlled at various transcriptional stages, producing diverse transcripts.

Conclusions:

  • Bidirectional transcription from gene promoters represents a significant layer of gene regulation.
  • Non-coding RNAs produced at promoters play crucial roles in modulating gene expression.
  • Understanding this phenomenon offers new insights into the complexity of transcriptional control.