Endocarditis III: Medical Management
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management
Endocarditis I: Introduction
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
Pericarditis III: Medical Management
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Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Published on: August 26, 2025
Stuart J Head1, M Mostafa Mokhles, Ruben L J Osnabrugge
1Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
For infective endocarditis, surgery may reduce short-term mortality, but optimal timing remains debated. This review compares medical versus surgical therapy, analyzing current evidence to guide treatment decisions for better patient outcomes.
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