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Related Concept Videos

Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

An update on vaccination against group B streptococcus.

Paul T Heath1

  • 1Vaccine Institute & Division of Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. pheath@sgul.ac.uk

Expert Review of Vaccines
|May 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaccines, particularly capsular conjugate types, show promise for preventing infant disease and offering cost-effective solutions. Further research is needed on pregnancy vaccination safety and long-term immunity.

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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Published on: November 16, 2016

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B Streptococcus (GBS), causes significant illness in infants, pregnant women, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults.
  • Current prevention strategies like intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of GBS vaccines, specifically capsular conjugate vaccines, as an effective and cost-effective strategy to prevent GBS disease.
  • To identify key issues requiring resolution for successful vaccine implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research and Phase II human studies on capsular conjugate vaccines for GBS.
  • Analysis of potential benefits including prevention of infant GBS disease (early and late onset).

Main Results:

  • Phase II human studies with capsular conjugate vaccines have been successfully completed.
  • Capsular conjugate vaccines demonstrate potential for preventing the majority of infant GBS disease.

Conclusions:

  • An effective GBS vaccine could significantly reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
  • Further investigation into the safety of vaccination during pregnancy, durability of immunity, and regulatory pathways is essential for licensure and widespread use.