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Related Experiment Video

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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Recognition memory performance as a function of reported subjective awareness.

Heather Sheridan¹, Eyal M Reingold

¹Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Consciousness and Cognition

|May 25, 2011

Summary

This study reveals that common memory measures underestimate how word generation impacts familiarity, creating a false split between knowing and remembering. Recognition performance differs based on subjective awareness claims.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Memory

Background:

Subjective awareness during memory retrieval is crucial for understanding recollection and familiarity.
Existing paradigms may not fully capture the nuances of memory processes.
Generation effects in memory are well-documented but their impact on subjective experience needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a novel recognition memory paradigm.
To investigate the relationship between subjective awareness and memory retrieval processes.
To examine the influence of word generation and presentation modality on memory judgments.

Main Methods:

Three experiments employed a recognition memory task with word pairs.
Participants used "remember," "know," or "new" responses, or a graded scale (strong/weak yes/no).
Word generation and presentation modality (auditory/visual) were manipulated during study.

Main Results:

Standard proportion measures underestimated the effect of generation on familiarity.
An artificial dissociation emerged between familiarity (knowing) and recollection (remembering) indices.
Forced-choice recognition performance varied qualitatively with claimed subjective awareness.

Conclusions:

The proposed paradigm offers a more sensitive measure of memory processes.
Generation significantly influences familiarity, challenging existing memory models.
Subjective awareness plays a critical role in shaping recognition memory performance.