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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
08:33

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Published on: December 11, 2016

Human muscle proteome modifications after acute or repeated eccentric exercises.

Stéphanie Hody1, Pierre Leprince, Kjell Sergeant

  • 1GIGA - Neuroscience, University of Liège, Belgium.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|May 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Eccentric training protects against muscle damage and soreness by altering muscle protein expression and potentially shifting metabolism towards oxidative pathways. This training reduces markers of muscle injury and pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Proteomics
  • Muscle Biochemistry

Background:

  • Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common consequence of eccentric exercise.
  • The biochemical mechanisms underlying DOMS are not fully understood.
  • Eccentric exercise involves muscle lengthening under tension, often leading to muscle damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate proteomic changes in human muscle following strenuous eccentric exercise.
  • To determine the effects of a specific training regimen on preventing DOMS.
  • To elucidate the biochemical adaptations associated with exercise-induced muscle protection.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle biopsy samples were collected from healthy volunteers at rest and after eccentric exercise protocols.
  • Eccentric exercise involved maximal quadriceps contractions using an isokinetic dynamometer.
  • Proteomic analysis utilized two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify protein modifications.

Main Results:

  • Eccentric training significantly reduced markers of muscle damage, including creatine kinase, muscle stiffness, and pain intensity.
  • Myosin heavy chains and other contractile proteins decreased after eccentric exercise.
  • The expression of several glycolytic enzymes decreased specifically after training preceded by eccentric exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Eccentric training confers protection against exercise-induced muscle damage and DOMS.
  • Training appears to induce a shift towards oxidative metabolism in muscle.
  • Proteomic alterations, including changes in contractile and glycolytic proteins, are associated with this protective effect.