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Related Concept Videos

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Toward therapeutic delivery with layer-by-layer engineered particles.

Yan Yan1, Georgina K Such, Angus P R Johnston

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.

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Layer-by-layer (LbL)-engineered nanoparticles show promise for in vivo biomedical applications. Recent advancements include pH-responsive nanoparticles for targeted tumor delivery and applications in drug, gene, and vaccine delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly enables the creation of engineered particles with tunable properties.
  • These particles are increasingly explored for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications.
  • LbL particles offer opportunities for targeted and triggered therapeutic release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight advancements in LbL-engineered nanoparticles for in vivo applications.
  • To review the use of LbL particles in drug, gene, and vaccine delivery, and cancer imaging.
  • To discuss future research directions, particularly concerning the biological fate of LbL particles.

Main Methods:

  • LbL assembly for particle fabrication.
  • Incorporation of stimuli-responsive elements, such as pH-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layers.
  • In vivo studies for evaluating therapeutic targeting and delivery.

Main Results:

  • LbL-engineered nanoparticles demonstrate potential for in vivo tumor targeting.
  • pH-responsive PEG surface layers enhance targeted delivery.
  • Progress has been made in using LbL particles for drug, gene, and vaccine delivery and cancer imaging.

Conclusions:

  • LbL-engineered particles are a versatile platform for advanced biomedical applications.
  • Targeted delivery and triggered release are key advantages of LbL nanoparticles.
  • Further investigation into the biological processing of LbL particles is crucial for future development.