Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.9K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.9K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

8.9K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
8.9K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

10.0K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
10.0K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

16.0K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
16.0K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.5K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.5K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

8.3K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

tRNA-m1A Modification Safeguards Fetal Liver HSPCs from DNA Damage via Maintaining Iron Homeostasis.

Blood·2026
Same author

Quantitative analysis of small RNA pseudouridylation reveals interplay of PUS enzymes in tRNA anticodon stem-loop.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Single-strand deaminase-assisted editing for functional RNA manipulation.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

CRISPR-free RNA base editing mediated PTC-readthrough restores hearing in mice with Otof nonsense mutation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Pt-seq unveils the genomic binding pattern of platinum-based drugs.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Advancing DNA and RNA Modification Detection via Nanopore Sequencing.

ACS nano·2025
Same journal

Design Principles for Negative Thermal Expansion in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Main Group Redox Catalysis: New Frontiers with Germanium and Tin.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Taming Irreversibility in sp<sup>2</sup>-Carbon-Conjugated COFs from Polycrystalline Powders to Single Crystals and Thin Films.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Electroactive Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Calix[4]resorcinarene-Based Porous Organic Cages: Synthesis and Applications.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Light-Driven Dual Rotary Molecular Motors and Beyond.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.8K

Cellular dynamics of RNA modification.

Chengqi Yi1, Tao Pan

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|May 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA modifications, though not essential, play dynamic regulatory roles in cells, especially under stress. New methods enable studying these dynamic RNA changes, revealing their cellular functions and potential applications.

More Related Videos

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

7.3K
An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
07:46

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.8K
Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

7.3K
An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
07:46

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Over 100 ribonucleosides are post-transcriptionally modified, with conserved and unique modifications across life.
  • The cellular and functional dynamics of RNA modifications are underexplored due to limited quantification and analysis methods.
  • RNA modifications, like protein and DNA modifications, are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles, particularly under cellular stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review examples of dynamically controlled RNA modifications in cells.
  • To discuss recently developed methods for studying the cellular dynamics of RNA modification.
  • To highlight the potential for new discoveries in the field of modified RNA dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of specific RNA modifications: 4-thiouridine (s(4)U), queuosine (Q), N(6)-methyl adenine (m(6)A), and pseudouridine (ψ).
  • Description of advanced techniques: genome-wide primer extension with microarray for N(1)-methyl adenine (m(1)A) in tRNA.
  • Utilization of quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze dynamic tRNA modifications in yeast under stress.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examples showcase RNA modifications with diverse functions: s(4)U as a UV sensor, Q as a malignancy biomarker, m(6)A as a prevalent mRNA modification, and ψ inducible by nutrient deprivation.
  • New methodologies significantly enhance the ability to study the cellular dynamics of RNA modifications.
  • Investigated dynamic changes in tRNA modifications under stress conditions in yeast.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic RNA modifications play crucial regulatory roles, responding to cellular conditions like stress and nutrient availability.
  • Recent technical advancements are paving the way for deeper understanding of RNA modification dynamics.
  • Further development of tools and hypotheses is essential to fully elucidate the functions and mechanisms of RNA modifications.