Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
10:56
Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal
Published on: December 28, 2016
ATR signalling: more than meeting at the fork
1Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 613 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
The Biochemical Journal
|May 28, 2011
Summary
The DNA-damage response, regulated by ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related) kinase, is vital for genome integrity and disease prevention. New research reveals complex ATR signaling beyond the canonical model, highlighting new interactions and gaps in understanding.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Genome integrity is crucial for preventing diseases, with the DNA-damage response playing a key role.
- The ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related) kinase is essential for life and a master regulator of DNA-damage response, particularly during DNA replication.
- ATR coordinates DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoints, and DNA repair, but the canonical model of its activation and signaling is incomplete.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the ATR signaling process, incorporating recent mechanistic findings.
- To discuss the identification of new ATR-interacting proteins and substrates.
- To integrate new insights into a comprehensive model of ATR regulation and identify knowledge gaps.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on ATR signaling.
- Analysis of newly identified ATR-interacting proteins and substrates.
- Synthesis of current understanding and identification of gaps in ATR pathway regulation.
Main Results:
- Recent research has expanded the understanding of the canonical ATR pathway.
- New ATR-interacting proteins and substrates have been identified, revealing greater complexity.
- The canonical model does not fully explain the intricate regulation of ATR.
Conclusions:
- ATR signaling is more complex than previously understood, involving numerous interactions.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the ATR pathway's role in genome maintenance.
- Understanding ATR regulation is critical for preventing diseases associated with genome instability.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:26Signal Transduction: Overview
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
03:14Notch Signaling Pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
03:14Notch Signaling Pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
01:30Assembly of Signaling Complexes
Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
01:11IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...