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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
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Published on: October 25, 2024

Histamine, immune cells and autoimmunity.

Elke Schneider1, Maria Leite-de-moraes, Michel Dy

  • 1Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR8147, Hôpital Necker Paris, France.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Histamine plays a key role in immune responses and allergic disorders. Its complex signaling network influences immune cells, impacting the balance between immunity and tolerance for potential new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Histamine is a versatile biogenic amine with critical roles in immune responses and allergic conditions.
  • It interacts via four G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R), intracellular binding sites, and the Organic Cation Transporter (OCT3) on immune cells.
  • Histamine signaling complexity is amplified by differential expression in immune cells and varied generation mechanisms, including release and neosynthesis via histidine decarboxylase (HDC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of histamine in immune regulation.
  • To understand the complex signaling network of histamine involving its receptors, binding sites, and transporters.
  • To explore histamine's impact on immune cell function and its potential as a target for therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing published data on histamine's immunological functions.
  • Analysis of histamine's interactions with various immunocompetent cells and its signaling pathways.
  • Examination of histamine generation and its effects on immune cell differentiation, activation, and cytokine production.

Main Results:

  • Histamine exerts complex regulatory effects on immune cells, including dendritic cells and T-cells.
  • Histamine signaling pathways are differentially expressed, contributing to varied experimental outcomes.
  • Histamine is generated through both release from stores and neosynthesis by hematopoietic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Histamine significantly influences the balance between immunity and tolerance.
  • Its intricate signaling network offers potential for developing novel pharmacological strategies to manage immune disorders like autoimmunity.
  • Understanding histamine's diverse roles is crucial for advancing treatments for immune-related diseases.