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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

The Rodent Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rNAION)
06:49

The Rodent Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rNAION)

Published on: November 20, 2016

Bilateral optic disk swelling plus.

Sing Your Li1, Molly E Gilbert, Pamela S Chavis

  • 1University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sjögren syndrome can cause optic neuropathy and uveitis, mimicking multiple sclerosis. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine are crucial for managing these rare neurological and ocular complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are less commonly recognized but can significantly impact patient health.
  • Ocular involvement, including optic neuropathy and uveitis, presents diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old woman developed bilateral optic neuropathy, leading to a Sjögren syndrome diagnosis.
  • She showed improvement with high-dose corticosteroids and azathioprine.
  • Asymptomatic bilateral iridocyclitis was discovered subsequently.

Findings:

  • Optic neuropathy in Sjögren syndrome can mimic demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
  • CNS involvement in Sjögren syndrome requires careful consideration despite being underrecognized.
  • Uveitis is an infrequent but significant ocular manifestation of Sjögren syndrome.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering Sjögren syndrome in patients with unexplained optic neuropathy.
  • Underscores the need for increased awareness of CNS and ocular manifestations in clinical practice.
  • Suggests a potential treatment pathway involving corticosteroids and azathioprine for managing complex Sjögren syndrome cases.