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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
Neurotransmitters01:30

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...

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Complement in neurobiology.

Lawrence L Horstman1, Wenche Jy, Yeon S Ahn

  • 1Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system, crucial for innate immunity and inflammation control, plays a key role in neurobiology and immune-mediated diseases like Alzheimer's. Understanding complement offers new therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Innate Immunity
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • The complement system is a critical component of innate immunity involved in inflammation control.
  • Recent advancements highlight its relevance in neurobiology and immune-mediated neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complement system, its receptors, and regulatory factors.
  • To explore the role of complement in neurobiology, including physiological functions and disease pathogenesis.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the complement system for neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement system functions, receptors, and regulatory factors.
  • Analysis of evidence linking complement to neurobiology and diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Examination of therapeutic approaches, including novel strategies like heparinoids, vitamin D, and intravenous IgM.

Main Results:

  • The complement system has diverse roles, including neural stem cell recruitment, links to coagulation and adaptive immunity, and physiological functions.
  • Evidence implicates complement activation in neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Complement-mediated natural antibodies are involved in autoimmunity and show potential in therapeutic strategies for remyelination and stroke repair.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is integral to neurobiology and immune-mediated diseases.
  • Targeting the complement system offers promising therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Further research into complement-mediated natural antibodies may lead to innovative treatments for neurological repair.