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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation

Published on: August 19, 2020

Podocyte dysfunction in aging--related glomerulosclerosis.

Marcello Camici1, Angelo Carpi, Giuseppe Cini

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Podocyte dysfunction contributes to age-related glomerulosclerosis. Targeting podocyte health through interventions like ACE inhibitors may protect kidney function in aging individuals.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
10:14

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with increased risk of glomerulosclerosis.
  • Podocyte injury and loss are key events in glomerulosclerosis development.
  • Mechanisms of podocyte damage in aging include sympathetic activation, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity, oxidative stress, and reduced nitric oxide (NO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review podocyte structure and function.
  • To explore mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction in aging.
  • To propose considering podocyte dysfunction in evaluating and managing age-associated glomerulosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of podocyte molecular structure and function.
  • Analysis of mechanisms contributing to podocyte dysfunction with aging.
  • Review of methods for evaluating podocyte loss.
  • Assessment of potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Aging involves sympathetic activation, increased RAS activity, endothelin system activation, oxidative stress, and reduced NO availability, all damaging podocytes.
  • Podocyte injury leads to apoptosis and proliferation, resulting in sclerosis and nephron loss.
  • Podocyte loss can be assessed via kidney biopsy or urine sediment analysis.
  • Podocyturia may indicate active glomerular disease.

Conclusions:

  • Podocytes play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related glomerulosclerosis.
  • Podocyte dysfunction should be considered in the evaluation and management of aging-associated kidney disease.
  • Therapeutic interventions targeting podocyte protection, such as ACE inhibitors and oxidative stress reduction, show promise.