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Related Concept Videos

Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon
11:36

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Published on: May 28, 2007

Tendon fatigue in response to mechanical loading.

N Andarawis-Puri1, E L Flatow

  • 1Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new rat patellar tendon model to investigate tendinopathy progression. Different fatigue loading levels reveal distinct molecular responses, aiding understanding of overuse injuries.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon
11:36

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Published on: May 28, 2007

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy
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Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Tendinopathies result from repetitive overuse and fatigue damage.
  • Current research often relies on late-stage patient data, necessitating better animal models.
  • Existing models like treadmill running have limitations in controlling applied load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel in vivo rat patellar tendon model for studying tendinopathy.
  • To investigate the tendon's response to controlled, varying levels of fatigue loading.
  • To differentiate the molecular mechanisms underlying different fatigue loading intensities.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an in vivo rat patellar tendon model with controlled direct loading.
  • Defined low, moderate, and high fatigue loading levels based on tendon fatigue life.
  • Assessed morphological changes, collagen expression, and molecular markers (Interleukin-1β, MMP-13) post-loading.

Main Results:

  • Morphological changes ranged from mild kinks to fiber disruption with increasing fatigue load.
  • Collagen expression showed dose-dependent changes, with higher levels at greater fatigue.
  • Moderate loading induced upregulation of Interleukin-1β and MMP-13, suggesting a catabolic profile.
  • Low cycle loading (100 cycles) induced an anabolic profile, while high cycle loading (7200 cycles) induced a catabolic profile.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model allows controlled investigation of fatigue-induced tendinopathy.
  • Distinct fatigue loading levels elicit unique morphological and molecular responses.
  • These findings suggest specific mechanisms for different fatigue intensities, differing from acute injury models like laceration.