Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rare germline variants contribute to glioma predisposition: Whole-genome analysis of a regional cohort of glioma patients.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026
Same author

A variant in RESF1 is associated with Addison's disease and multiple autoimmune syndrome in young Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Whole genomes reveal subpopulations and isolation-by-distance patterns in the Norwegian lemming.

BMC biology·2026
Same author

The Earth BioGenome Project Phase II: illuminating the eukaryotic tree of life.

Frontiers in science·2026
Same author

Consumer health technology data in the German healthcare system: Stakeholder perspectives, ethical challenges, and governance pathways.

Digital health·2025
Same author

Genome Variation in Three Anthophora Bee Species Reflects Divergent Demographic Histories.

Molecular ecology·2025
Same journal

Thymidylate synthase inhibitory drugs induce p53-dependent pathways differently.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Top-down and bottom-up attention for joint pattern classification and reconstruction.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Short- and long-term scaling behavior of blood pressure and pulse arrival time during sleep in healthy controls and patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Double DQN-based secrecy energy efficiency and fairness performance in IRS-assisted NOMA systems with friendly jamming.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

10 recommendations for strengthening citizen science for improved societal and ecological outcomes: A co-produced analysis of challenges and opportunities in the 21st century.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Paying in public: Peer effects, impression management, and willingness to pay on digital payment platforms.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

Exploiting nucleotide composition to engineer promoters.

Manfred G Grabherr1, Jens Pontiller, Evan Mauceli

  • 1Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel artificial promoters for stable recombinant protein production. These custom sequences offer tunable gene expression, providing a promising alternative to viral promoters in biotechnology and medicine.

More Related Videos

An Efficient Strategy for Generating Tissue-specific Binary Transcription Systems in Drosophila by Genome Editing
10:01

An Efficient Strategy for Generating Tissue-specific Binary Transcription Systems in Drosophila by Genome Editing

Published on: September 19, 2018

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

An Efficient Strategy for Generating Tissue-specific Binary Transcription Systems in Drosophila by Genome Editing
10:01

An Efficient Strategy for Generating Tissue-specific Binary Transcription Systems in Drosophila by Genome Editing

Published on: September 19, 2018

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Optimizing recombinant protein production in mammalian cells relies heavily on promoter selection.
  • Viral promoters are commonly used but can lead to undesirable regulation.
  • Artificial promoters offer a potential solution for stable and tunable gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model nucleotide characteristics of active human promoters using short motif frequency distributions.
  • To construct and test novel artificial promoter sequences for driving gene expression.
  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms and tunability of these artificial promoters.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of short motif frequency distributions to model promoter characteristics.
  • Construction of artificial sequences rich in GC and CpGs, lacking homology to known promoters.
  • In vitro testing of artificial promoter sequences (≥100 bp) in various mammalian cell lines.
  • Analysis of transcription factor involvement (TFIIB, TFIID) and promoter strength modulation.

Main Results:

  • Novel artificial promoter sequences were successfully constructed based on motif modeling.
  • These sequences, 100 base pairs or longer, effectively drive gene expression in vitro across mammalian cells.
  • Expression is mediated by general transcription factors TFIIB and TFIID, leading to reduced tissue- and species-specific regulation compared to SV40.
  • Promoter strength can be precisely tuned by altering GC and CpG content.

Conclusions:

  • A proof-of-concept for custom-designed artificial promoters suitable for biotechnological and medical applications.
  • These promoters offer stable expression and tunable strength, overcoming limitations of viral promoters.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced gene expression control in protein production and therapeutic strategies.