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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
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Endogenous tissue engineering: PTH therapy for skeletal repair.

Masahiko Takahata1, Hani A Awad, Regis J O'Keefe

  • 1The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Cell and Tissue Research
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)) shows promise for enhancing bone healing and skeletal repair. Further research is needed to determine optimal dosing and patient selection for clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Endocrinology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)) exhibits anabolic effects on bone, making it a candidate for skeletal repair therapies.
  • Pre-clinical studies in animals demonstrate PTH(1-34) accelerates bone repair through various mechanisms, including effects on stem cells and angiogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of PTH(1-34) in bone healing.
  • To identify unresolved issues and discuss the future potential of PTH(1-34) in skeletal repair and tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pre-clinical animal studies on PTH(1-34) for skeletal repair models (fractures, spinal arthrodesis, etc.).
  • Analysis of clinical data, including a Phase 2 trial for radius fracture healing.
  • Examination of PTH(1-34)'s effects on cellular mechanisms like mesenchymal stem cell activity, angiogenesis, and bone remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Intermittent PTH(1-34) treatment enhanced skeletal repair in various animal models, including those with age-related bone loss or inflammatory conditions.
  • Case reports suggest off-label use of PTH(1-34) for delayed and non-union fractures.
  • A Phase 2 trial for radius fracture healing did not meet its primary endpoint but showed significant secondary outcomes, indicating a need for specific patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • PTH(1-34) demonstrates potential as an adjunct therapy for bone healing, supported by pre-clinical and some clinical findings.
  • Critical factors such as optimal dosing regimens and specific indications for PTH(1-34) in skeletal repair require further investigation.
  • The long-term potential of PTH(1-34) as a component of endogenous tissue engineering strategies for bone repair warrants continued research.