Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

<i>Mucuna pruriens</i> in untreated Parkinson's disease in sub-Saharan Africa: A 12-month, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2025

Same author

Parkinson's Disease, Second Edition.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine·2025

Same author

Genome-Wide Association Study of Glucocerebrosidase Activity Modifiers.

Molecular neurobiology·2025

Same author

Correction: The Parkinson's disease risk gene cathepsin B promotes fibrillar alpha-synuclein clearance, lysosomal function and glucocerebrosidase activity in dopaminergic neurons.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2024

Same author

The Parkinson's disease risk gene cathepsin B promotes fibrillar alpha-synuclein clearance, lysosomal function and glucocerebrosidase activity in dopaminergic neurons.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2024

Same author

Genome-wide association study of glucocerebrosidase activity modifiers.

Research square·2024

Same journal

Key Interventions in Friedreich's Ataxia and Their Impact on Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same journal

Comment on: "Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus or Globus Pallidus Internus Improves Gait Impairment in Parkinson's Disease".

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same journal

A Phase 1 Study of Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Intraputaminal AAV2-GDNF in Advanced Parkinson's Disease.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same journal

Reply to Comment on: "Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus or Globus Pallidus Internus Improves Gait Impairment in Parkinson's Disease".

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same journal

Gene Therapy for Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: Clinical and Imaging Outcomes in a French Cohort.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same journal

Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Predict Survival in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

Classification of movement disorders.

¹Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. sf1@columbia.edu

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society

|June 1, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The classification of movement disorders has evolved from anatomical to phenomenological terms. This review details the historical shift and evolving definitions for parkinsonism, dystonia, and tremor.

More Related Videos

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience

Background:

The terminology for neurological conditions has shifted from anatomical descriptions (extrapyramidal disorders) to phenomenological ones (movement disorders).
Understanding this evolution is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions.

Observation:

The historical progression of movement disorder classification is examined.
Definitions and classifications for movement disorders as a collective group are reviewed.

Findings:

The study details the historical development of classifications for specific movement disorders, including parkinsonism, dystonia, and tremor.
The shift in terminology reflects a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and clinical presentation.

Implications:

This historical perspective provides a foundation for understanding current diagnostic frameworks in neurology.
Recognizing the evolution of classification aids in interpreting historical research and clinical data.
Accurate classification is essential for advancing research and therapeutic strategies for movement disorders.