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Down syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Sivan Ekstein1, Benjamin Glick, Michal Weill
1Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Journal of Child Neurology
|June 2, 2011
Summary
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects nearly half of children with Down syndrome. This high prevalence highlights the need to consider ADHD and related medical issues when assessing these children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Genetics
Background:
- Behavioral disorders are often underestimated in individuals with intellectual disabilities.
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms like inattention and hyperactivity are common in children with Down syndrome, but prevalence data are scarce.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of ADHD in children with Down syndrome.
- To explore the relationship between ADHD symptoms and intellectual disability severity.
- To investigate correlations between ADHD symptoms and common medical comorbidities.
Main Methods:
- A study was conducted to estimate ADHD prevalence in children with Down syndrome.
- Data were collected on ADHD symptoms, intellectual disability levels, and medical conditions.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of ADHD among children with Down syndrome was found to be high, at 43.9%.
- No significant correlation was observed between ADHD symptom severity and the level of intellectual disability.
- A significant correlation was identified between ADHD symptoms and ophthalmologic problems.
Conclusions:
- Children with Down syndrome have an elevated risk for developing ADHD.
- Comprehensive evaluation of children with Down syndrome for attention deficits should include assessment for psychiatric comorbidities and medical issues, particularly ophthalmologic problems.
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