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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

Altered default network activity in obesity.

Jason R Tregellas1, Korey P Wylie, Donald C Rojas

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Jason.tregellas@ucdenver.edu

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|June 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered brain default network activity is linked to obesity. Reduced-obese individuals show higher default network activity, which increases with overfeeding in lean individuals, suggesting neurobiological differences in energy intake regulation.

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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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Published on: April 28, 2023

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
10:28

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Obesity Research
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Energy intake regulation involves complex homeostatic and sensory integration.
  • Obesity may stem from dysfunction in the brain's neurobiology.
  • The default network plays a role in internal cognition and sensory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate default network activity in reduced-obese (RO) versus lean individuals.
  • To understand how energy intake manipulation affects the default network in different weight groups.
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of obesity through brain network analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
  • 24 lean and 18 RO individuals participated.
  • Independent component analysis identified the default network during passive viewing of food/non-food images under eucaloric and overfeeding conditions.

Main Results:

  • RO individuals exhibited greater default network activity in specific brain regions (lateral inferior parietal, posterior cingulate cortices) compared to lean individuals in the eucaloric state.
  • Default network activity positively correlated with appetite in RO individuals.
  • Overfeeding increased default network activity in lean individuals but not in RO individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Default network function appears altered in obesity and obese-prone individuals.
  • These findings highlight potential neurobiological mechanisms contributing to obesity.
  • Further research into default network connectivity could inform obesity treatment strategies.