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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
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[HTLV and "donating" milk].

V Rigourd1, V Meyer, F Kieffer

  • 1Institut de puériculture et de périnatalogie, Paris, France. ipp.rigourd@free.fr

Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique (1990)
|June 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

France mandates human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1) screening for all milk donations. Despite pasteurization, unpasteurized milk is given to neonates without maternal screening, posing a potential risk.

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Published on: September 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Transmission

Context:

  • Mandatory screening for Human T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Virus (HTLV-1) in donated human milk in France since 1992.
  • Current regulations require systematic antibody screening for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in all milk donations.
  • Pasteurization of donated milk effectively inactivates HTLV-1, a primary concern for transmission via breastfeeding.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the current screening protocols for HTLV-1 in donated human milk in France.
  • To highlight the discrepancy between stringent screening for donated milk and lack of screening for direct breastfeeding or raw milk use in neonatal intensive care units.
  • To advocate for increased awareness and implementation of HTLV-1 screening for mothers in neonatal settings.

Summary:

  • While donated human milk undergoes rigorous HTLV-1 screening and pasteurization, unpasteurized milk is often administered to neonates without prior maternal HTLV-1 status testing.
  • This practice creates a paradoxical situation where donated milk is heavily regulated, yet direct breastfeeding and raw milk consumption in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) lack comparable precautions.
  • The study suggests that the current prevention measures for HTLV-1 transmission through milk may be disproportionate given the risks associated with unmonitored direct breastfeeding and raw milk usage in NICUs.

Impact:

  • Potential for increased HTLV-1 transmission to vulnerable neonates through unmonitored breastfeeding or raw milk consumption in healthcare settings.
  • Calls for enhanced sensitization among obstetricians, midwives, and neonatologists regarding HTLV-1 risks.
  • Recommends a re-evaluation of screening policies to ensure consistent protection against HTLV-1 across all infant feeding practices.