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Thrombus Profiling Assay: A Microfluidics-Based Platform for Comprehensively Characterizing Biomechanical Thrombogenesis

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Nonthrombogenic approaches to cardiovascular bioengineering.

Song Li¹, Jeffrey J D Henry

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. song_li@berkeley.edu

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

|June 7, 2011

Summary

This review explores antithrombogenic strategies for cardiovascular devices. Advances in surface modifications and tissue engineering, using endothelial cells (ECs) and stem cells, aim to prevent device failure and improve integration.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cardiovascular Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Cardiovascular devices like stents and grafts are crucial for treating heart disease.
Device failure often results from thrombus and neointima formation on surfaces.
Antithrombogenic strategies are vital for improving device performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in antithrombogenic surface modifications for cardiovascular devices.
To discuss tissue engineering approaches for creating nonthrombogenic cardiovascular substitutes.
To highlight the role of endothelial cells (ECs) and stem cells in preventing thrombosis.

Main Methods:

Review of biochemical surface modifications.
Exploration of tissue engineering techniques for cardiovascular applications.
Analysis of cell-based strategies using ECs and stem cells.

Main Results:

Surface modifications and tissue engineering offer promising antithrombogenic solutions.
Cellularization with ECs and stem cells can create nonthrombogenic blood-contacting surfaces.
Engineered vascular networks are essential for functional tissue integration.

Conclusions:

Antithrombogenic surface modifications are key to enhancing cardiovascular device efficacy.
Tissue engineering provides a pathway for developing biological substitutes with improved hemocompatibility.
Future research should focus on integrating these approaches for better patient outcomes.