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Related Concept Videos

The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores
08:58

Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores

Published on: April 15, 2019

Spotlight on geminin.

Melvin L DePamphilis

    Breast Cancer Research : BCR
    |June 7, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Geminin protein ensures cells replicate DNA only once per division by aiding Topoisomerase IIα. Both too little and too much Geminin hinders this process, making it a promising cancer therapy target.

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    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores
    08:58

    Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores

    Published on: April 15, 2019

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    09:13

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    Published on: May 12, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Geminin regulates DNA replication, preventing reinitiation.
    • Topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα) is crucial for resolving DNA structures during replication.
    • A novel interaction between Geminin and TopoIIα is reported.

    Discussion:

    • Geminin facilitates TopoIIα activity, promoting replication termination while inhibiting initiation.
    • This interaction ensures precise genome duplication (once per cell division).
    • Dysregulation of Geminin impacts TopoIIα function.

    Key Insights:

    • Geminin's dual role in replication control and TopoIIα modulation.
    • Altered Geminin levels (depletion or overexpression) impair TopoIIα activity.
    • Geminin emerges as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.

    Outlook:

    • Further investigation into the Geminin-TopoIIα complex.
    • Exploration of Geminin-targeting strategies for cancer chemotherapy.
    • Understanding the implications of Geminin dysregulation in cell proliferation.