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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

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Giant two-photon absorption in bilayer graphene.

Hongzhi Yang1, Xiaobo Feng, Qian Wang

  • 1Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.

Nano Letters
|June 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We developed a quantum theory for two-photon absorption (2PA) in graphene. Bilayer graphene shows significantly higher 2PA than monolayer graphene, confirmed by Z-scan measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Two-photon absorption (2PA) is a key nonlinear optical process.
  • Graphene's unique electronic structure makes it a promising material for nonlinear optics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantum perturbation theory for 2PA in monolayer and bilayer graphene.
  • To investigate the differences in 2PA between monolayer and bilayer graphene.
  • To compare theoretical predictions with experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum perturbation theory applied to Bernal-stacked monolayer and bilayer graphene.
  • Theoretical analysis of 2PA dependence on light frequency and material structure.
  • Experimental validation using Z-scan measurements on epitaxial bilayer graphene.

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Main Results:

  • Bilayer graphene exhibits significantly greater 2PA than monolayer graphene in the visible and infrared spectrum (up to 3 μm).
  • A resonant 2PA coefficient of up to ~0.2 cm/W was observed in bilayer graphene at half the bandgap energy (0.4 eV).
  • 2PA shows a frequency dependence of ω(-3) in bilayer graphene and ω(-4) in monolayer graphene in the visible and terahertz regions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantum theory accurately describes 2PA in graphene.
  • Bilayer graphene is superior to monolayer graphene for 2PA applications in specific spectral ranges.
  • Experimental results validate the theoretical predictions, confirming the potential of graphene in nonlinear optics.