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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
08:17

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

Natural killer cell-based therapies.

François Romagné, Eric Vivier

    F1000 Medicine Reports
    |June 10, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Natural killer (NK) cell allotransplantation shows promise for treating hematologic diseases like leukemia. Understanding NK cell biology is crucial for developing effective NK cell therapies and drug candidates targeting NK cell receptors.

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    Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment
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    Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

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    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
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    Published on: October 30, 2016

    Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
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    Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment
    11:11

    Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

    Published on: January 24, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hematology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Allotransplantation of natural killer (NK) cells is a promising strategy for treating hematologic malignancies.
    • NK cell stimulation is being explored as a therapeutic tool for various diseases, with ongoing clinical trials yielding mixed results.
    • Recent discoveries illuminate the complex molecular mechanisms regulating NK cell maturation and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review innovative protocols for NK cell-based therapies.
    • To discuss the application of NK cell allotransplantation and novel drug candidates targeting NK cell receptors.
    • To integrate recent advancements in NK cell biology into therapeutic strategy design.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current scientific literature on NK cell biology and therapy.
    • Analysis of innovative protocols involving NK cell allotransplantation.
    • Evaluation of emerging drug candidates targeting NK cell receptors.

    Main Results:

    • NK cell allotransplantation is effective in controlling certain hematologic diseases.
    • NK cell effector functions are regulated by intricate mechanisms.
    • Optimizing therapeutic protocols requires consideration of these complex regulatory pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • NK cell-based therapies hold significant therapeutic potential for various diseases.
    • Further research into NK cell biology is essential for refining therapeutic strategies.
    • Novel drug candidates targeting NK cell receptors represent a promising avenue for cancer treatment.