Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
Published on: August 22, 2018
Putting the 'N' in ACENE: pyrazinacenes and their structural relatives
Gary J Richards1, Jonathan P Hill, Toshiyuki Mori
1Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Japan. Richards.Gary@nims.go.jp
Pyrazinacenes, heteroatom-substituted acenes, offer tunable properties for organic electronics. This review covers their synthesis, electronic properties, self-assembly, and unique behaviors like tautomerism.
Area of Science:
- Organic electronics
- Materials science
- Heterocyclic chemistry
Background:
- Acenes are key organic electronic materials.
- Heteroacenes enhance acene properties and stability.
- Pyrazinacenes are acene derivatives with fused pyrazine units.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review historical origins of heteroacenes.
- Discuss recent progress in pyrazinacene synthesis and properties.
- Explore computational studies on pyrazinacene behavior.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of synthetic procedures.
- Analysis of electronic and self-assembly properties.
- Overview of computational studies.
Main Results:
- Diverse pyrazinacene structures have been synthesized.
- Tunable electronic properties and self-assembly characteristics observed.
- Unusual behaviors like protic tautomerism and aromaticity/antiaromaticity investigated.
Conclusions:
- Pyrazinacenes represent a promising class of materials for organic electronics.
- Further research can unlock their full potential in materials science.
- Computational studies are crucial for understanding their unique properties.
Related Concept Videos
Nomenclature of Alkynes
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
Nomenclature of Alkenes
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
![Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60786.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
