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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
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Published on: March 3, 2023

Surfactant-stabilized emulsion increases gentamicin elution from bone cement.

Ryan B Miller1, Alex C McLaren, Christine M Leon

  • 1Banner Orthopaedic Residency, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, 901 E Willetta Street, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA. ryan.mclemore@bannerhealth.com

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|June 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Emulsifying liquid antimicrobials in bone cement increases drug release but significantly reduces strength. Further improvements are needed for clinical use in implant fixation.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
06:18

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Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Liquid antimicrobial incorporation into bone cement is challenging due to reduced mechanical strength and limited loading capacity.
  • Emulsification of liquid antimicrobials into the cement monomer offers a potential solution to these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of surfactant-stabilized emulsions on antimicrobial release, compressive strength, and porosity of bone cement.
  • To compare emulsified antimicrobial-loaded bone cement with traditional powder-based formulations.

Main Methods:

  • 144 standardized bone cement cylinders were prepared: 72 with emulsified antimicrobial and 72 with antimicrobial powder.
  • Gentamicin release was measured over 30 days under infinite sink conditions.
  • Compressive strength was tested at 0, 1, and 30 days of elution.
  • Porosity was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Emulsified bone cement demonstrated a fourfold increase in antimicrobial release compared to the control.
  • Initial compressive strength of emulsified cement was lower (58.1 MPa) than control (81.3 MPa).
  • Emulsified cement's strength remained stable during elution, while control cement strength decreased over 30 days.
  • Both formulations exhibited homogeneous porosity around 50 μm.

Conclusions:

  • Emulsified antimicrobial-loaded bone cement achieves enhanced drug release and homogeneous porosity.
  • Despite improved release, the significant reduction in compressive strength limits its current application in implant fixation.
  • Further research is required to enhance the mechanical properties of emulsified bone cement for clinical viability.