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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

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Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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High-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function in children with common variable immunodeficiency.

L van Zeggeren1, A A J M van de Ven, S W J Terheggen-Lagro

  • 1Dept of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The European Respiratory Journal
|June 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can monitor lung disease in children with common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID). Quantitative air trapping on HRCT correlates with pulmonary function tests, aiding in monitoring disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) often leads to chronic lung disease.
  • Monitoring lung disease progression in pediatric CVID patients is crucial.
  • High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a key imaging modality for lung assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate interobserver agreement for automated and visual HRCT scoring of air trapping and airway wall thickening in pediatric CVID.
  • To assess the correlation between HRCT findings and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
  • To determine the utility of quantitative HRCT for monitoring lung disease in CVID.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of HRCT scans in 51 pediatric CVID patients.
  • Automated and visual scoring for air trapping and airway wall thickening.
  • Correlation of HRCT findings with PFTs, disease duration, and clinical history.

Main Results:

  • Good interobserver agreement for automated airway wall thickening (ICC=0.88) vs. visual scoring (ICC=0.51).
  • HRCT air trapping significantly correlated with PFTs and disease duration.
  • Airway wall thickening showed no significant correlation with PFTs, disease duration, or clinical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative HRCT air trapping measurements correlate significantly with PFTs and disease duration in pediatric CVID.
  • Automated HRCT quantification of air trapping is a promising technique for assessing small airway disease.
  • HRCT-based air trapping assessment may facilitate monitoring of silent disease progression in CVID.