Recurrent inverted nipple: a reliable technique for the most difficult cases

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Reconstructive Surgery
• Aesthetic Surgery

Background:

• Inverted nipples affect up to 10% of women, causing negative self-image.
• Recurrence after corrective surgery for inverted nipples can cause significant patient and surgeon frustration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a reliable surgical technique for treating severe (Grade III) or recurrent inverted nipples.
• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique in achieving satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 19 patients (35 nipples) with severe or recurrent inverted nipples were treated between 2000 and 2010.
• The study included patients with severe inverted nipples (Grade III) and those with relapses after previous surgery.
• One nipple could not be corrected, and one patient experienced temporary sensory loss.

Main Results:

• The technique demonstrated high patient satisfaction with nipple shape and projection, which remained consistent over time.
• No major complications such as necrosis, infection, hematoma, or permanent numbness were reported.
• No recurrences were observed, and no protective devices were required post-procedure.

Conclusions:

• The described technique is an effective option for managing relapsed or severe inverted nipples, prioritizing clinical correction and psychological well-being.
• While not the least invasive, the technique offers a reliable solution for challenging cases, with patient satisfaction and long-term stability as key outcomes.