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Calixarene monolayers as quartz crystal microbalance sensing elements in aqueous solution.

M T Cygan1, G E Collins, T D Dunbar

  • 1Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6116, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, 185 Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Texas Christian University, P.O. Box 32908, Fort Worth, Texas 76129.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetrathiolate (BCAT) monolayers show high selectivity for alkylbenzenes in aqueous sensors. These calixarene-based sensors offer superior molecular recognition compared to other film types.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Molecular recognition elements are crucial for developing in situ aqueous chemical sensors.
  • Calixarene derivatives offer unique structural properties for self-assembly and molecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetrathiolate (BCAT) monolayers as molecular recognition elements for aqueous chemical sensing.
  • To compare the sensing performance of BCAT monolayers with p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (BCA) and decanethiolate (DT) films.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of BCAT monolayers on Au{111} using spectroscopic and wetting studies.
  • Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors were employed to assess the chemical specificity of various monolayers and thin films.
  • Analysis of sensor response to aromatic and aliphatic analytes in aqueous solutions.

Main Results:

  • BCAT monolayers exhibit preferential orientation with phenyl rings parallel to the surface normal.
  • BCAT sensors demonstrated high selectivity towards alkylbenzenes, outperforming BCA thin films and DT monolayers.
  • Differences in molecular differentiation were attributed to film order and cavitation effects.

Conclusions:

  • BCAT monolayers are effective molecular recognition elements for selective aqueous chemical sensing.
  • The ordered structure of BCAT monolayers plays a significant role in molecular recognition.
  • Calixarene-based films offer a promising platform for advanced sensor development.