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Related Concept Videos

Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
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A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs

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Regulation of integrin activation.

Chungho Kim1, Feng Ye, Mark H Ginsberg

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Integrin activation, crucial for cell interactions, is regulated by the cell membrane environment and associated proteins. This review explores how these factors influence integrin signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are vital for metazoan physiology and disease.
  • Integrin adhesion receptors mediate these interactions, with their affinity regulated by inside-out signaling.
  • The transmembrane domains and membrane interactions of integrins are critical for this activation process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding integrin activation.
  • To elucidate the role of the membrane environment in regulating integrin activation.
  • To explore the cooperation between membrane properties and integrin-binding proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on integrin activation.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in integrin regulation.

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Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
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Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

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Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies
13:52

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

Published on: March 19, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
04:15

A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs

Published on: February 2, 2024

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
09:14

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies
13:52

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

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  • Examination of the influence of the membrane environment on integrin function.

    • Main Results:

    • Integrin activation is a dynamic process influenced by intracellular signals.
    • The cell membrane's physical and chemical properties play a significant role in modulating integrin activity.
    • Integrin-binding proteins collaborate with the membrane to fine-tune integrin activation.

    Conclusions:

    • The membrane environment is a key regulator of integrin activation.
    • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into physiological and pathological processes.
    • Further research into membrane-integrin interactions can reveal therapeutic targets.