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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Published on: September 6, 2017

Current methodologies for detecting sensitization to HLA antigens.

J Michael Cecka1

  • 1Department of Pathology, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. mcecka@ucla.edu

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-phase tests for HLA antibodies enhance transplant access for sensitized patients. While interpretation varies, these sensitive assays improve risk assessment and patient outcomes in transplantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Science
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-phase assays represent a significant advancement in detecting and characterizing antibodies against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens.
  • These tests have improved access to transplantation for highly sensitized candidates by enabling better assessment of antibody specificities and strengths.
  • Understanding antibody profiles is crucial for considering desensitization protocols and managing transplant risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current solid-phase tests for detecting HLA antibodies.
  • To evaluate the relevance of these tests in assessing risks for transplant candidates and recipients.
  • To discuss the role of these assays in managing sensitized patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on solid-phase assays for HLA antibody detection.
  • Analysis of the clinical relevance and interpretation of solid-phase assay results.
  • Discussion of emerging tools for antibody characterization, including isotype and complement fixation.

Main Results:

  • Solid-phase assays offer high precision and sensitivity in antibody detection, though clinical relevance can be debated.
  • Evidence suggests that low levels of donor-reactive antibodies may not always preclude transplantation.
  • Newer assays incorporating isotype and complement fixation analysis show promise in resolving interpretation disparities.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-phase tests for HLA antibodies are integral to modern transplantation laboratories worldwide.
  • Despite a lack of rigid standardization, these tests are benefiting transplant patients.
  • Continued refinement and standardization of solid-phase assays will further optimize their use in clinical transplantation.