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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...

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Profound sinus node dysfunction in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor limbic encephalitis.

Pow-Li Chia1, Kevin Tan, David Foo

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. powlichia@gmail.com

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|June 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, a serious autoimmune brain disorder, can cause severe cardiac issues. This study highlights two cases, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and managing these critical complications in affected patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder targeting the central nervous system.
  • First identified in 2007, it presents with a complex, multi-stage progression of neurological and psychiatric symptoms.

Observation:

  • The condition can lead to a severe state characterized by unresponsiveness, catatonia, movement disorders, and autonomic/respiratory instability.
  • Cardiac complications, though not always the primary focus, can significantly impact patient outcomes.

Findings:

  • This report details two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • Both cases underscore the occurrence and potential severity of cardiac complications associated with this neurological condition.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and proactive management of cardiac issues are crucial for improving patient prognosis in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and treatment of cardiac involvement in autoimmune encephalitis is warranted.