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Related Concept Videos

Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
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Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Flail Chest-II01:26

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Chest Physiotherapy01:24

Chest Physiotherapy

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic technique used in respiratory care to improve ventilation, clear bronchial secretions, and enhance the efficiency of respiratory muscles. This therapy includes three primary procedures: postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. It can be performed on spontaneously breathing patients and those who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
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CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...

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Direct Intrabronchial Administration to Improve the Selective Agent Deposition Within the Mouse Lung
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Intrapleural therapy.

J Terrill Huggins1, Peter Doelken, Steven A Sahn

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. hugginjt@musc.edu

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)
|June 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intrapleural therapies like fibrinolytics and talc pleurodesis are used for pleural diseases. Chronic indwelling pleural catheters are preferred for malignant effusions, while staphylococcal superantigens show promise for non-small cell lung cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Intrapleural therapies are crucial for managing diverse pleural diseases, including empyema and malignant pleural effusions.
  • Early treatments focused on fibrinolytics and DNase for empyema, with mixed results from clinical trials.
  • Malignant pleural effusions often cause dyspnea, leading to interventions like pleurodesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of various intrapleural therapies for pleural diseases.
  • To evaluate the role of fibrinolytics, sclerosing agents, indwelling pleural catheters, and novel agents in managing pleural conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature, including case series and randomized controlled trials on intrapleural therapies.
  • Analysis of outcomes for fibrinolytics in empyema, talc pleurodesis for malignant effusions, and indwelling pleural catheters.
  • Examination of emerging therapies such as staphylococcal superantigens for non-small cell lung cancer.

Main Results:

  • Streptokinase showed no benefit in mortality or hospital stay for empyema in a large trial.
  • Talc is an effective pleurodesis agent, but small particle sizes increase toxicity risks.
  • Chronic indwelling pleural catheters are effective for palliation in malignant pleural effusions, especially with lung entrapment.
  • Staphylococcal superantigens increased median survival by 5 months in non-small cell lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of intrapleural therapy depends on the specific pleural disease and patient factors.
  • While fibrinolytics have limitations, talc pleurodesis and indwelling catheters are established treatments for malignant effusions.
  • Novel approaches like staphylococcal superantigens offer potential therapeutic advancements in oncology.