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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR
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Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR

Published on: July 8, 2025

(13)C MR reporter probe system using dynamic nuclear polarization.

Albert P Chen1, Ralph E Hurd, Yi-ping Gu

  • 1GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada. albert.chen@ge.com

NMR in Biomedicine
|June 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance (MR) reporter system for noninvasive cell imaging. The system uses the aminoacylase-1 enzyme to detect specific cell activity, offering high-resolution visualization for cellular therapies.

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Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Reporter-based in vivo cell detection is crucial for advancing cellular therapy.
  • Dynamic nuclear polarization enhances NMR signal for high-resolution, noninvasive cell visualization.
  • Enzyme activity and expression can be leveraged for targeted cellular imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a proof-of-concept Carbon-13 (13C) Magnetic Resonance (MR) reporter system.
  • To utilize the aminoacylase-1 reporter gene (Acy-1) and a specific substrate for cell detection.
  • To establish a noninvasive imaging tool for monitoring cells in real-time.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 13C MR reporter system using Acy-1 and [1-(13C)]N-acetyl-L-methionine.
  • Detection of substrate de-acetylation by aminoacylase-1 using dynamic 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and 2D MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI).
  • Assessment of Acy-1 activity in transfected HEK 293 cells using 13C MR.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated feasibility of detecting and imaging aminoacylase-1 enzymatic activity in vitro.
  • Successfully visualized substrate de-acetylation by the reporter enzyme using 13C MRS and MRSI.
  • Confirmed targeted MR imaging potential by measuring Acy-1 activity in genetically modified HEK 293 cells.
  • Showed no substrate de-acetylation in control cells, confirming system specificity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 13C MR reporter system shows promise for noninvasive cell detection and localization.
  • This system, leveraging enzyme activity, can provide stable, high-resolution cellular imaging for therapeutic applications.
  • Further development could integrate this reporter system into advanced cellular therapy monitoring tools.