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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (AFM-SECM)

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Surface nanobubbles as a function of gas type.

Michiel A J van Limbeek¹, James R T Seddon

¹Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|June 17, 2011

Summary

Surface nanobubble nucleation depends on gas type and optimal temperatures around 35-40°C. Line tension varies with gas, suggesting nanobubbles form on adsorbed gas layers.

Area of Science:

Surface science
Physical chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Surface nanobubbles are intriguing phenomena with applications in various fields.
Understanding their nucleation is crucial for controlling their formation and properties.
Previous studies have explored factors influencing nanobubble formation, but gas-specific effects require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the nucleation of surface nanobubbles on a hydrophobic surface.
To determine the influence of different dissolved gases on nanobubble nucleation.
To explore the relationship between nanobubble properties (contact angle, radius) and system parameters (temperature, gas type).

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of surface nanobubble nucleation on PFDTS-coated silicon.

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Controlled variation of dissolved gas types in water.

Measurements conducted under equilibrium conditions (100% gas saturation, liquid-substrate temperature equilibrium).

Analysis of nanobubble contact angle as a function of the radius of curvature.

Main Results:

Nanobubble nucleation is strongly dependent on the type of dissolved gas.
An optimal system temperature range of approximately 35-40°C maximizes nanobubble nucleation, with weak dependence on gas type.
The contact angle of nanobubbles is a function of their radius of curvature for all investigated gases.
Line tension was found to be gas-dependent, with an average value of τ ≈ -0.8 nN.

Conclusions:

The nucleation and properties of surface nanobubbles are significantly influenced by the specific dissolved gas.
The observed gas-dependent line tension suggests that nanobubbles form on a layer of adsorbed gas molecules.
Optimal temperature conditions exist for maximizing nanobubble nucleation, providing insights for controlled formation.