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Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan

M I Khan1, R L Ochiai, S B Soofi

  • 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.

Epidemiology and Infection
|June 17, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Typhoid fever disproportionately affects younger children in Pakistan, particularly in densely populated areas lacking safe water access. Interventions addressing environmental and biological factors are crucial for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Typhoid fever remains a significant public health concern in Pakistan.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify individual, household, and cluster-level risk factors for typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi.
  • To inform targeted public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the control group of a typhoid vaccine trial.
  • Risk factor assessment using logistic regression, adjusting for covariates.
  • Calculation of risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Annual typhoid incidence was 151 per 100,000 children.
  • Risk decreased with increasing age (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.95).
  • Risk increased with population density (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.21) and decreased with safe water access (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.99).

Conclusions:

  • Typhoid fever in Pakistan is associated with younger age, high population density, and lack of safe drinking water.
  • Integrated environmental and biological interventions are necessary to mitigate the impact of typhoid.

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