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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell response to nano-structured oxidized and turned titanium surfaces
Marco Annunziata1, Adriana Oliva1, Antonietta Buosciolo1
1Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
A novel nano-structured oxidized titanium implant surface enhanced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) adhesion and osteogenic differentiation compared to traditional turned surfaces, indicating improved biocompatibility for dental implants.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Cell Biology
- Surface Engineering
Background:
- Titanium implants are widely used in dentistry and orthopedics.
- Surface topography significantly influences cellular responses and osseointegration.
- Novel surface modifications are continuously explored to improve implant performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the topographic features of a novel nano-structured oxidized titanium surface.
- To compare the cellular response of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) on oxidized versus traditional turned titanium surfaces.
- To evaluate the effect of surface nanostructure on cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.
Main Methods:
- Titanium samples with turned and oxidized surfaces were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
- Roughness parameters (height, spatial, hybrid) were analyzed at various dimensional scales.
- BM-MSC were cultured on the samples, and cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin synthesis, and mineralization were assessed.
Main Results:
- Oxidized surfaces exhibited a more complex micro- and nano-scaled texture with higher roughness parameters compared to grooved turned surfaces.
- Significantly enhanced cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation (P<0.05) were observed on the oxidized surfaces.
- Cell proliferation rates were comparable between the oxidized and turned surfaces.
Conclusions:
- Despite both surfaces falling within the smooth surface roughness range, their distinct micro- and nano-topographic properties significantly differed.
- The nano-structured oxidized titanium surface demonstrated superior performance in promoting BM-MSC adhesion and osteogenic differentiation.
- These findings suggest that the oxidized surface topography holds promise for enhanced osseointegration of titanium implants.
