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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Autoimmune blistering diseases: histologic meaning.

Jaka Radoš1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. sodarakaj@yahoo.com

Clinics in Dermatology
|June 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Histopathology aids in diagnosing autoimmune bullous dermatoses by examining lesion evolution. Accurate diagnosis requires integrating histology with immunofluorescence and molecular studies for definitive antibody or antigen identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (ABD) present complex diagnostic challenges.
  • Histologic examination is a cornerstone in evaluating skin lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the histopathology of intraepidermal and subepidermal autoimmune bullous dermatoses.
  • To highlight key histologic features for differential diagnosis based on lesion evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Histologic analysis of intraepidermal and subepidermal autoimmune bullous dermatoses.
  • Review of diagnostic approaches including immunofluorescence assays, molecular biology, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Histologic findings vary with the temporal evolution of lesions.
  • Histology provides crucial, though not always specific, diagnostic clues.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ABD necessitates a comprehensive approach.
  • Integration of histoclinical correlation, immunofluorescence, and molecular studies is essential for identifying target antibodies or antigens.