Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

51.8K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
51.8K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

35.4K
Overview
35.4K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

28.7K
Overview
28.7K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.1K
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

7.7K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
7.7K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

12.3K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
12.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of diagnostic algorithm for Cushing's syndrome: a tertiary centre experience.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2024
Same author

Parenchymal involvement on CT pulmonary angiography in SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant infection and correlation of COVID-19 CT severity score with clinical disease severity and short-term prognosis in a UK cohort.

Clinical radiology·2021
Same author

Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT): sources of result variation based on three years of routine testing of symptomatic patients in English primary care.

British journal of biomedical science·2021
Same author

An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2020
Same author

Clinical Reliability of point-of-care tests to support community based acute ambulatory care.

Acute medicine·2020
Same author

Reduced kidney function at presentation in unselected acute emergency medical admissions: incidence, outcome and associated factors.

Acute medicine·2019
Same journal

Extracellular matrix reprogramming by the YAP/TAZ- TGF-ß2 axis drives immune exclusion in cholangiocarcinoma models.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles foster the immunosuppressive landscape of pancreatic cancer.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Julie Zikherman receives the ASCI/Marian W. Ropes, MD, Award.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

Targeted degradation of MDM2 overcomes feedback regulation of p53 signaling in Merkel cell carcinoma models.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

SGLT2 inhibitors enhance ketogenesis by acting as allosteric activators of the mitochondrial enzyme HMGCS2.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same journal

MDM2 degraders for Merkel cell carcinoma: round peg in a round hole.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

14.7K

Thyroid-stimulating antibody activity between different immunoglobulin G subclasses.

A P Weetman1, M E Yateman, P A Ealey

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Addenbrooke's Hospital, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) activity in Graves disease is primarily found in the IgG1 subclass. This suggests an oligo- or monoclonal B cell response may underlie the condition.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.0K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

14.7K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.0K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAbs).
  • The specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass distribution of TSAb activity has not been fully elucidated.
  • Understanding TSAb subclass restriction may provide insights into the pathogenesis of Graves disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the distribution of TSAb activity among different IgG subclasses in patients with Graves disease.
  • To investigate whether TSAb subclass restriction is specific to Graves disease compared to other antibody activities.

Main Methods:

  • Sera from 11 Graves disease patients were fractionated using affinity chromatography to isolate individual IgG subclasses.
  • Fractions were tested for TSAb activity by measuring cAMP production in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells.
  • Antibody activity for thyroglobulin, microsomal/thyroid peroxidase, and tetanus toxoid was also assessed in specific fractions.

Main Results:

  • TSAb activity was exclusively found in the IgG1 fraction in all 11 patients studied.
  • The entire TSAb activity of the whole serum was recovered in the purified IgG1 fraction in 8 out of 8 specimens tested.
  • This IgG1 restriction was specific to TSAb and not observed for antibodies against thyroglobulin, microsomal/thyroid peroxidase, or tetanus toxoid.

Conclusions:

  • TSAb activity in Graves disease is significantly restricted to the IgG1 subclass.
  • This finding, along with previous observations of restricted light chain usage and isoelectric point, supports an oligo- or monoclonal B cell origin for TSAb.
  • The restricted nature of TSAb suggests a targeted autoimmune response in Graves disease.