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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Published on: December 8, 2014

Acute diarrhoea: an unusual presentation.

Avinash Murthy1, C Y Lee, G Divakara Murthy

  • 1Albany Medical Center, Internal Medicine, 43 Newscotland Ave, Mail Code 50, Albany, New York, 12208, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emphysematous cholecystitis, a rare cause of sudden diarrhea, was diagnosed in an obese diabetic patient. Prompt diagnosis via CT scan and emergent surgery were crucial due to the condition's high mortality risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is a severe gallbladder inflammation characterized by gas formation.
  • EC typically presents with abdominal pain, but atypical presentations like isolated diarrhea can occur.
  • Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for EC, increasing its incidence and severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight a rare case of EC presenting solely with diarrhea.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic utility of computed tomographic (CT) scans in identifying EC.
  • To underscore the importance of prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention in managing EC.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an obese diabetic male with acute-onset diarrhea.
  • Clinical examination and laboratory investigations.
  • Computed tomographic (CT) scan for diagnosis, followed by emergent cholecystectomy.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with self-limiting diarrhea after consuming sausages.
  • CT scan revealed incidental findings of gas in the gallbladder, leading to the diagnosis of EC.
  • Gangrenous gallbladder culture grew Clostridium perfringens; emergent cholecystectomy was performed.

Conclusions:

  • EC can present atypically with diarrhea as the sole symptom.
  • CT scans are essential for diagnosing EC, even in subtle or advanced cases.
  • Timely identification and urgent surgical management of EC are critical due to its high mortality rate.