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Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Lexical selection in multi-word production.

Niels Janssen1, Alfonso Caramazza

  • 1Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Neuroscience Group, Department of Psychology, University of La Laguna Tenerife, Spain.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated lexical selection in multi-word utterances. Results show that word frequency, not grammatical class, influences word selection, supporting a non-competitive model.

Keywords:
competitive lexical selectionlanguage productionlexical frequencymulti-word namingnoun-phrase production

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • Producing multi-word utterances requires selecting words within a context of other words.
  • The precise mechanisms of lexical selection, including the role of word frequency and grammatical properties, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test hypotheses about lexical selection mechanisms in multi-word utterances.
  • To determine if lexical selection considers activation levels and grammatical class of other target words.
  • To investigate the influence of word frequency on lexical selection.

Main Methods:

  • Participants produced adjective + noun and noun + noun utterances.
  • Stimulus displays included colored words and picture + word combinations.
  • The frequency of both the first and second response words was manipulated.

Main Results:

  • The frequency of the second response word significantly affected production, irrespective of utterance type.
  • Additive effects were observed for the frequencies of both the first and second response words.
  • No dependency on utterance type (adjective+noun vs. noun+noun) was found for the second response frequency effect.

Conclusions:

  • Lexical selection in multi-word utterances appears to be a non-competitive process.
  • The findings support models where word selection is influenced by frequency but not grammatical class in this context.
  • This research provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying fluent speech production.