Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon01:10

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Signatures of adaptive memory search: How early linguistic input shapes strategic use of lexical information.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

Elliptical speech reveals the use of broad phonetic categories aids noise-degraded speech perception.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Understanding Variability in Long-Term Psychological Adjustment of Prelingually Deaf Young Adults Implanted During Childhood.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2025
Same author

Evolving perspectives on speech perception assessment in adults with cochlear implants: Are we using the right tests?

Frontiers in neuroscience·2025
Same author

Externalizing Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Children With Cochlear Implants.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025
Same author

Parents Do Understand: Agreement Between Self- and Parent-Reported Psychosocial Adjustment in Adolescents With Cochlear Implants.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025
Same journal

A rose by any other name is still a rose: A reinterpretation of Hantsch and Mädebach.

Language and cognitive processes·2017
Same journal

The neural substrates of complex argument structure representations: Processing 'alternating transitivity' verbs.

Language and cognitive processes·2015
Same journal

A memory-retrieval view of discourse representation: The recollection and familiarity of text ideas.

Language and cognitive processes·2015
Same journal

Generic language and judgements about category membership: Can generics highlight properties as central?

Language and cognitive processes·2015
Same journal

Knowledge Activation Versus Sentence Mapping when Representing Fictional Characters' Emotional States.

Language and cognitive processes·2014
Same journal

How Natural are Conceptual Anaphors?

Language and cognitive processes·2014
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Word Identification in Noise.

David B Pisoni1

  • 1Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.

Language and Cognitive Processes
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores traditional speech intelligibility testing methods. These methods measure word recognition in noise, providing insights into auditory perception and hearing impairments.

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Speech Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Traditional speech intelligibility tests involve identifying words in noise across various signal-to-noise ratios.
  • These tests yield psychometric functions relating signal-to-noise ratio to recognition accuracy.
  • Error analysis reveals word similarity spaces based on acoustic-phonetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review traditional methods for measuring speech intelligibility and word recognition.
  • To highlight the utility of these methods in understanding auditory perception and clinical diagnostics.
  • To emphasize their role in exploring the mental lexicon and speech sound access.

Main Methods:

  • Presenting isolated words or words in varied sentence contexts mixed with noise.
  • Measuring listener identification accuracy at different signal-to-noise ratios.
  • Analyzing response confusions to derive perceptual word similarity spaces.

Main Results:

  • Psychometric functions are generated to quantify speech recognition performance.
  • Error analyses provide insights into acoustic-phonetic similarities and word organization.
  • Scores reflect both sensory input and listener decision processes.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional speech intelligibility testing remains a valid and valuable method.
  • It aids in diagnosing peripheral and central hearing impairments.
  • The technique offers crucial information on mental lexicon organization and speech processing.