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Related Concept Videos

Processes of Self-Presentation01:29

Processes of Self-Presentation

Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or conventions...
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification

Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation01:12

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Supervisor self-disclosure: supervisees' experiences and perspectives.

Sarah Knox1, Lisa M Edwards, Shirley A Hess

  • 1Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, College of Education, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA. sarah.knox@marquette.edu

Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.)
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Supervisors sometimes share personal information (supervisor self-disclosure or SRSD) to connect with trainees. While often helpful for normalization, SRSD can sometimes negatively impact the supervisory relationship.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Supervision
  • Counseling

Background:

  • Supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD) is a common, yet complex, supervisory behavior.
  • Understanding supervisee perceptions of SRSD is crucial for effective clinical training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore graduate-level supervisees' experiences with supervisor self-disclosure (SRSD).
  • To identify antecedents, perceived functions, and effects of SRSD from the supervisee perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Consensual qualitative research methodology.
  • In-depth interviews with twelve graduate-level supervisees regarding their SRSD experiences.

Main Results:

  • Supervisees reported antecedents such as difficult clinical situations and relationship tension preceding SRSD.
  • Perceived supervisor intentions included normalization, rapport-building, and instruction.
  • SRSD yielded predominantly positive effects (e.g., normalization), but also negative outcomes (e.g., relationship strain).

Conclusions:

  • SRSD is a nuanced intervention with varied impacts on the supervisory relationship.
  • Findings inform best practices in clinical supervision, training, and future research on SRSD.